GCP Persistent Disk

It is an block store (Data is split into evenly sized blocks)
Used to provision block storage to be used with VMs (Virtual Hard drives)

Local SSD

It is an block datastore
Used as storage of ephemeral data of VMs
Used in Low Latency and stateless workloads
Suitable for caches and hot layers
Local SSD is faster than the fast Persistent Disk offering

Filestore

It is a file-system storage
The file is store along with its data and metadata
Allows to create fully managed, high performance NFS file servers on Google Cloud
Supports multiple reads, writing locks the file (Multiple users, VMs can access it at the same time)

Cloud Storage

It is an object store with global edge caching
Object is stored with data, metadata and unique ID
Can scale with no limit (theoretical) on file size and total storage space
Supports multiple reads and writes (no locks)
Not intended for high IOPs applications
#gcp-serverless-service#gcp-storage-service

Cloud Storage for Firebase

It is a functionality that is present in Firebase
Object store for storing and serving objects to our applications